| Art Category: C |
| calligraphy |
| Handwriting as an art. Elegant penmanship with decoration and design of primary importance. |
| canvas |
| 1) A heavy woven fabric usually of cotton or linen, used as a support for a painting. The surface is prepared for painting by applying gesso or rabbit skin glue. 2) Interlocked or woven fibers used as the ground material for needle art. |
| canvas board |
| Common gray cardboard or pasteboard to which a white cotton cloth, prepared for painting, has been glued or pasted. |
| canvas pliers |
| Heavy pliers with elongated jaws for grasping the edges of a piece of canvas when stretching it onto a stretcher frame. A square extension at the middle of the lower jaw is called the hammer; its most important function is to supply leverage against the back of the stretcher bar. |
| canvas transfer |
| A process which lifts the image on a print off the paper support so that it can be transferred to a canvas mount. |
| cast(ing) |
| To form into a particular shape by pouring fluid matter into a mold and allowing it to harden, such as making a picture frame ornament. |
| cast paper |
| Paper made by pressing the pulp into a die or mold used for casting or shaping, becoming a work of art in and of itself. |
| catalogue raisonné |
| A catalogue which chronicles all known works of an artist, along with pertinent details on each piece. |
| cherry |
| A tree that grows in the northern hemisphere; the wood is hard and light weight. It is golden brown in color with a hint of green. It can be easily distinguished from other brownish woods by its golden sheen. |
| chestnut |
| American: A hardwood tree that grows in the northeastern United States; the wood is coarse in texture, moderately light and strong. It is grayish brown or brown in color. It seasons well and is easily worked with tools. |
| chipboard |
| A board made entirely from recycled paper products, containing a variety of impurities. It is an inexpensive mounting and backing board for non-conservation/preservation framing. |
| chop |
(v) To cut picture frame molding, usually at a 45 degree angle, to the length needed for a frame.
(n) The length of molding cut for a picture frame. |
| chop mark |
| A small embossed seal or impression on a print, generally indicating the printer or artist. |
| cibachrome |
| A color photograph based on the silver dye-bleach system. The necessary colors (azo dyes) are built into the emulsion layers. These colors are bleached out where not needed during developing. Azo dyes produce more brilliant colors and have greater stability and resistance to light than any other current process. Ilford has renamed its process Ilfochrome. |
| clear glass |
| Glass made with a smooth or polished surface on both sides. It is not etched, coated or laminated. |
| climate control |
| The control of temperature and relative humidity to produce an environment with little fluctuation, ideally 50 percent relative humidity and 70 degrees F. |
| clip frame |
| Generic for a method of framing. A set of clips used to hold the glazing, art and backing together for display. Generally made of metal and not to be confused with braquettes or uni-frames. |
| coated paper |
| Paper treated with clay or other adhesive mixture to improve the finish for printing, color, smoothness or other surface property. This also includes lacquered and varnished papers. (29) |
| collage |
| Artwork created by securing pieces of paper, fabric or other materials onto a substrate. Though basically two-dimensional, it may have a sculptural effect. |
| color |
| 1) Used to refer to perceived qualities that result from the response of vision to the wavelength of reflected or transmitted light. 2) Describes images that have hues, as opposed to black, white and gray tones only and the processes used to make them. |
| color wheel |
| A spectrum of colors placed in a circle including the three primary colors: red, yellow and blue, and the secondary colors: orange, green and purple. Colors opposite each other on the wheel are complementary colors. |
| complementary colors |
| Colors which are directly opposite each other on the color wheel, e.g., red and green, blue and orange. |
| compo |
| Relief ornaments made from a mixture of whiting, oil, resin and animal hide glue. Pliable when heated, self-adhesive when wet and hard when set. |
| composition |
| The arrangement of elements, shapes and colors in a work of art. |
| conservation (preservation) |
In framing, it is the careful maintenance and protection of works of art.
In conservation (preservation) framing, using materials and procedures that will have no adverse effects on a piece of artwork and will protect the artwork from external damage. |
| copyright |
| Exclusive rights to reproduce, sell and distribute a work, prepare derivative works and display the work publicly. |
| corner samples |
| Short molding lengths mitered and joined to form a corner. Used as visual aids during the framing design process. Also referred to as chevrons. |
| CPF |
| Certified Picture Framer. One who has passed the Professional Picture Framers Association’s certification examination. |
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